Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Reservoir Pressure Determination Using “After Hydraulic Fracturing Closure Analysis” technique1163924610.21608/jpme.2015.39246ENHamed M.KhattabFaculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez UniversityMahmoud A.TantawyFaculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez UniversityAhmed A.HawishFaculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez UniversityEslam H.MahmoudFaculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University
Qarun Petroleum Company - EgyptJournal Article20150107The pressure of a reservoir is one of the most important parameters that is needed to calculate the hydrocarbon accumulation. Once the reservoir pressure is estimated, the fluid properties can be obtained via different correlations. Combined with the reservoir bulk volumes, the hydrocarbons in-place and recovery factor can be easily calculated. Consequently, if the estimate of the reservoir pressure is not accurate enough, it will be extremely difficult to determine the type of fluid we are dealing with; either saturated or undersaturated oil reservoir. In addition, it will be very challenging to accurately forecast production performance. During the last decades, the technology of Hydraulic fracturing plays one of the most important rule in the petroleum industry. It has become the magic tool for many company to change the fields’ status from non-economic to economic. The objectives of fracturing low permeability reservoirs and high permeability reservoirs are variant and defined by reservoir parameters. Besides that, hydraulic fracture provides a new method to determine reservoir pressure and to estimate reservoir permeability, this method is called After Closure Analysis (ACA) Technique. ACA is one of the two analyses that are obtained by performing a Calibration Test, which is usually done before executing main hydraulic job. The two main analyses of Calibration Test are Pre-Closure analysis, which is used to optimize the fracture design, and ACA to determine reservoir pressure and estimate reservoir permeability. This paper illustrates some real cases that show the reasons why ACA is considered a very reliable technique to accurately determine the reservoir parameters with no considerable amount of funds compared to other counterparts’ traditional techniques; like wireline formation testing (WFT) and pressure transient analysis (PTA). Also the paper shows how extra cost and non-productive time can be avoided if the right parameters are gotten on the rig site.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Process simulation and performance improving of a gas plant in operation17283989910.21608/jpme.2015.39899ENAhmed A.BhranSuez University, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Suez, Egypt.Mohammed S. M.SaliemEl-Wastani Petroleum Company, Damietta, Egypt.Galal M.Abdel-AleimSuez University, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Suez, Egypt.Journal Article20150208In the first part of this study, the natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery enhancements techniques particularly by capacity increasing was studied to maximize the plant (El-Wastani Petroleum Company located in Egypt) productivity and profitability. The present work studies new NGL recover enhancements routes based on the recovery maximization of butane, propane, or ethane as a final product for sales. The selection of the best improvement route is based on an economical and technical study of these various routes of improvements. This selection is done using fuzzy logic as an intelligent system for the process of decision making. According to the results of fuzzy logic system, it is noted that in spite of the capacity increasing mode have the highest return on investment (ROI), it is found that the maximization of propane recovery is the optimum route for the plant improvements. This is because the choice of propane recovery mode does not rely only on ROI but takes in consideration various objectives such as feed stability, marketing availability and recovered NGL quantity. The results of this research wok is beneficial for improving the NGL recovery plants in operation as well as the newly ones which should take in consideration these improvements modes before the plant design.<br /> Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Geological Evolution of Sukari Gold Mines Area- Eastern Desert, Egypt29383990710.21608/jpme.2015.39907ENSara M.KhalilFaculty of petroleum and mining engineering, Math&Sc. Engineering Department, Suez UniversityMaher A.MesbahFaculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering,Geological &Geophysical Engineering Department, Suez UniversityFarouk A.SolimanFaculty of Science, Geology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.Ismail M.Abd El-KhalekSukari Gold Mines Company.Journal Article20150308Many common mineralized localities in the Eastern Desert of Egypt (E.D.E) are now announced as mineralized occurrences or as ore deposits for various ore minerals.The Sukari gold mines area is now worldwide famous explored and exploited site for gold as major product .In addition, other economic minerals such as; Ag, Cu, Pb, Sn, Mo, and others are important minerals association to be considered. Different basement rocks hosting mineralization in Sukari gold mines area were studied ,such as; metavolcanics and related volcanoclastics, metasediments, granite porphyry, mafic and ultramafic rocks they have been exposed showing rugged topography characterizing the study area where those within the granites are the most important. These rocks have been subjected to a number of tectonic and structural events, Also stockwork quartz veins and veinlets and quartz ridges cutting across the basement rocks. Besides, alteration processes are commonly observed in the Basement rocks of the study area.The Sukari gold mines area is now considered as one of the most important gold productive mines on the world scale. This study provides an update geological, structural and petrographical tries to assist in understanding the mode(s) of formation of the mineral potentiality of the Sukari gold mines study area and surroundings. Based on the field works and lab data results, it is recommended that in the Sukari gold mines area, the gold amounts increase with depth and westward.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Contributions to the Petrology of Upper Cretaceous of El Duwi Formation at Gabal El Galala El Qibliya area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt39533991910.21608/jpme.2015.39919ENRaafat S.MouharebNuclear Materials Authority P.O. Box 530, Maadi, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20150202The Upper Cretaceous succession exposed at Saint Anthony , Saint Paul, and Wadi El Dakhl areas was measured and studied in detail. The studied sequence is subdivided lithostratigraphically, into the Galala Formation (Cenomanian-Early Turonian), Wata Fotrmation (Late Turonian), El Duwi Formation (Coniacian-Santonian), and Sudr Chalk (Campanian-Maastrichtian), Esna Shale (Paleocene-Early Eocene) and Thebes Formation (Early Eocene). The examined rock units in Gabal El Galala area include El Duwi Formation and Sudr Chalk were studied lithostratigraphically, petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry, radioactivity and tectonic setting. On the other hand, the major and trace elements were focused on the studied rock units. The Upper Cretaceous exposures in southeastern Galala represented by Carbonate – dominated successions inter-bedded with shale, a few sandstone beds, and marl horizons and capped by Sudr chalk. The average chemical compositions of the shale from the study area are (33.37-59.55%) for SiO2, (6.51-16.49%) for Al2O3, (1.07-2.33 %) for CaO, (1.16-2.09%) for MgO, (0.99-3.10%) for Na2O, (0.45-1.6%) for K2O, (1-2.86%) for P2O5, (5.37-8.865%) for Fe2O3, (31-791 ppm) for Rb, (291-1500 ppm) for Zr, (331-2834 ppm) Sr, (15-61 ppm) for Ga, (89-711 ppm) for V and (9-45 ppm) for U. Detailed environmental scanning-electron microscope (ESEM) study was carried out on the shale and Chalk. This study appears the characterization of the assembly as pyrite, gypsum and jarosite. The tectonic setting reveals that the shale and chalk of the upper Cretaceous in El Duwi Formation were originated from greywacke in active continental margin area.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Understanding of Visco-Elastic Surfactant and Acid Stimulation Application54583992210.21608/jpme.2015.39922ENAhmed A.ElgibalyFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptMohamed S.FarhatFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptHishamNasr El DinTexas A&M University- USAWael A. F.AhmedFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptJournal Article20150301Surfactants are divided into four main categories based on their ionic charge. The most common applications can be summarized as corrosion inhibitor, emulsifying and de-emulsifying agents, foaming agent and improver of solids carrying capacity. Visco-Elastic Surfactant (VES) is one of surfactant groups initially used as a friction reducer and to enhance the solids carrying capacity. In this paper many tests were performed on VES samples of newly produced product to study the work frame and the applicability of that product especially through three important factors 1) Viscosity build-up of the VES at different shear rates, 2) Study different concentrations behavior of the VES and its application especially on acid diversion, 3) Salt effect on the formed mixture of VES and its effect on the viscosity behavior, and finally 4) Temperature effect on the Visco-Elastic behavior was examined to define the work frame of that product (VES) application in the oil field in the acid diversion. VES product shows elasticity to stresses through the change in viscosity of the solution. Also, it was found that temperature affects negatively on the VES behavior, which limits the application of the VES in the high temperature reservoir, unless formation cooling action to be carried out before pumping the VES. On the other hand the salts have a positive effect on the VES behavior through increasing the viscosity buildup of the VES, which supports the application of VES in high saline formation water. The tested VES product shows good behavior as Visco-Elastic and could be used in limited temperature ranges, based on that result a case study was demonstrated in which it has been used as an acid diverter in carbonate reservoir. The well after the acid stimulation resulted in improving the well productivity and producing at 4100 BOPD after stimulation.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-6506171201512013D Finite Element Modeling of Dowel Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement59653992810.21608/jpme.2015.39928ENAhmed Ebrahim Abu El-MaatyBehiryEngineering Faculty – Civil Department - Minufiya University - EgyptJournal Article20150402The objective of this study is to develop three dimensional finite elements models to investigate the effect of many factors on the behavior of dowel Jointed Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (JPCCP). The 3D-FE model is applied to analyze the critical bending stresses and deflections for understanding some modes of distress. Moreover, developed equation for predicting the non-uniform distribution of the modulus of subgrade reaction beneath concrete slab subjected to concentrated load is achieved. The accuracy of the developed equation is verified by a comparison with winkler approach such as SAP program. Winkler's solutions are found to overestimate the maximum deflections by about 7.5% more than 3D-FE solutions up to a horizontal distance of 60 inch from the load center. In general, the results show that the developed 3D-FE is suitable for identifying the effect of different design features on the structural response of rigid pavements.
Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Hydrogen Distribution Network of Medor Refinery Plant by Using Two Different Optimization Techniques66724135810.21608/jpme.2015.41358ENFatma K.GadDepartment of chemical and Refinery Engineering, Suez University, EgyptJin K.KimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, KoreaAbeer M.ShoaibDepartment of chemical and Refinery Engineering, Suez University, EgyptWalaa M.ShehataDepartment of chemical and Refinery Engineering, Suez University, EgyptJournal Article20150518Hydrogen consumption of refineries is rising sharply with the increase of conversion units such as hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes, since these processes play an important role in modern and integrated refineries to upgrade the heavy crude oil to more valuable products. Therefore hydrogen distribution network becomes unavoidable inspite of its complexity. So the refinery hydrogen management techniques are developed in recent years to determine maximum hydrogen recovery networks which do not account for varying operating conditions of hydrogen consuming processes and assume constant operating conditions. This paper addresses the problem of actual hydrogen distribution at the Medor refinery plant at Alexandria-Egypt in which different optimization techniques were applied to minimize the consumption of hydrogen. Additionally, an efficient network design has been achieved that reduces the hydrogen utilities usage by 14.9%, hydrogen discharge by 33% and 3.242 MUS$/year saving in the operating costs.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of The Carbon-Siliciclastic Miocene Sediments, North Eastern Desert, Egypt73634254610.21608/jpme.2015.42546ENHatem F.HassanGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University 42521, EgyptSarah M.HanyGeology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia41522, EgyptJournal Article20150717The depositional and stratigraphic studies of the Miocene sediments exposed at the north part of the eastern desert, clearly established. It is divided into two rock units, the lower siliciclastic one termed as Gharra Formation, representing the lower Miocene (Burdigalian) and upper carbonate, termed as Genefa Formation of Middle Miocene age (Langhian). The microfacies investigations of thirteen thin sections in the Gharra Formation revealed the presence of inner-shelf to intertidal lagoons facies whereas the microscopic investigations of twenty two thin sections from Genefa Formation revealed inner-shelf, middle neritic and outer shelf facies. The depositional sequence was initiated and developed as a result of the first advance of the Miocene Sea over the study area with type-1 Sb over the continental sediments of the Oligocene. Retrogradational parasequence are successively stacked within the LST, whereas the transgressive surface (ts) almost coincides with the stratigraphic contact between the Gharra and Genefa formations with a marked change in the parasequences geometry into retrogradational–aggradational nature with clear sea-level rise. By the Middle Miocene, a general sea level rise accompanied by deeper accommodation depositional setting due to tectonic subsidence, where relatively deeper marine facies started to deposits the Genefa Formation, just over the transgressive surface (ts). These sediments constitute the general transgressive system tract in the study area. It includes well-stacked retrogradational-aggradational parasequences mainly deposited within shelf zones.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201A Simulation Case Study for Different Scenarios of Pressure Maintenance to Revive Oil Production From Nukhul Reservoir at East Zeit Oil Field64744369710.21608/jpme.2015.43697ENNabihAbd El HadyFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptTaha Moawad M.MoawadFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptHishamBahaaEast Zeit Petroleum CompanyMohamedHassanSchlumberger CompanyJournal Article20150704This paper describes a simulation study for pressure maintenance in the Nukhul reservoir of the East Zeit Field, offshore Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Results of a black-oil reservoir simulation study have been used as the basis for evaluation of pressure maintenance project alternatives. Different operating scenarios have been examined for their efficiencies in terms of recovery. Alternatives considered are: (1) Base case (continued natural depletion) (2) recompletion using gas shut-off (3) infill wells (4) water injection (5) gas injection (6) simultaneous injection of gas and water. Production is mainly derived from solution gas drive. The study concludes that gas injection into the crest of the reservoir will be the most efficient pressure maintenance program. Water injection and other production scheme would be less efficient and show low oil recovery.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Study of the Corrosion Products Formed on Low-Carbon Steel Exposed to Different Environments in Egypt75794369810.21608/jpme.2015.43698ENS. S.Abd-ElmomenDept.of Metallurgy, Tabbin institute for metallurgical studies, Tabbin, EgyptJournal Article20150804The corrosion performance of carbon steel X52 was studied after exposure up
to 12 months in three atmospheric environments in Egypt. The results are in
agreement with kinetic equations of the form P=AtB, where P is the corrosion
penetration, t is time, and A, and B are constants. The corrosion resistance of
carbon steel, especially in industrial and urban sites are better than in coastal
site. The corrosion products were characterized by XRD and SEM.Suez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Studying Techniques of Gas Emission Reduction80854369910.21608/jpme.2015.43699ENG. M.Abdel-AleemFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptF. K.GadFaculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, EgyptW. B.SaidBritish PetroleumH. A.FarounEast Zait PetroleumJournal Article20150804Traditionally in the Oil & Gas industry, low pressure gas has been disposed of by flaring to atmosphere. Today this process is becoming increasingly unacceptable as the industry progresses towards eliminating the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere whilst simultaneously conserving energy. Therefore, the demand for equipment that can safely and economically compress low pressure gas back into the production process is rapidly increasing. Ejectors are ideally suited to this application because they employ high-pressure gas energy to entrain and compress low pressure gas to a pressure where the gas can be recovered into production or used as fuel gasSuez University; Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringJournal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering1110-650617120151201Process Simulation and Performance Improving of An Existing Ngl Plant86944387210.21608/jpme.2015.43872ENMohammed S. M.SaliemEl-Wastani Petroleum Company, Damietta, Egypt.Ahmed A.BhranPetroleum refining and petrochemical eng. dept.,Faculty of petroleum and mining engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.Galal M.Abdel-AleimPetroleum refining and petrochemical eng. dept.,Faculty of petroleum and mining engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.Atef A.HadyEgyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (E-Gas), Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20150805Nowadays, gas processing for NGLs (natural gas liquids) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) recovery is becoming of great interest due to the increase in market demand as well as the higher sale prices of these products. However, many of the present NGL and LPG recovery units in operation don’t give the desired revenue. This study focuses on the retrofitting of El-Wastani petroleum company (WASCO) which is one of the most important NGL/LPG recovery units constructed in Egypt. The performance of this unit has been simulated and improved by modifying different factors. The most important studied factors are capacity, feed type (composition), and recovery efficiency. The results showed that the lean gas feed (low butanes) is the worst type which gives the same LPG recovery efficiency but with low productivity and higher energy requirements compared with rich feed (more butane). Hence, for confirming the plant improvements at any feed composition, the effect of gas feed capacity on the plant profitability will be based on lean gas feed. According to the simulation and optimization results, the growing economic opportunities offered mainly when the gas feed capacity increases by 25%. In this case, the pay-back periods of the added equipment were characterized by high or reasonable investment strength, which means that all modification costs will be recovered within short or acceptable periods. Both new and plants in operation will benefit from the modifications and performance improvements discussed in this study. This work can be taken as guidelines to aid operating companies improve their profits resulted from existent plants retrofitting.